Electronic Payment Protocol Based on Quantum Dense Coding

Yefeng He; Sihao Chen; Yuwei Qiang; Lina Li; Qian Bai

doi:10.3788/AOS202141.1027001

Journals >Acta Optica Sinica >Volume 41 >Issue 10 >Page 1027001 > Article

Acta Optica Sinica
Vol. 41, Issue 10, 1027001 (2021)

Electronic Payment Protocol Based on Quantum Dense Coding

Yefeng He^1、2, Sihao Chen^1、*, Yuwei Qiang¹, Lina Li¹, and Qian Bai¹

Author Affiliations

¹School of Cyberspace Security, Xi′an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi′an, Shaanxi 710121, China

²Guangxi Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China

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DOI: 10.3788/AOS202141.1027001 Cite this Article Set citation alerts

Yefeng He, Sihao Chen, Yuwei Qiang, Lina Li, Qian Bai. Electronic Payment Protocol Based on Quantum Dense Coding[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2021, 41(10): 1027001 Copy Citation Text

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Fig. 1. Block diagram of electronic payment

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Classicbit	Unitaryoperator	Charlie'smeasurementresult	Bob'smeasurementresult
00	I	\|0>₂	\|φ⁺>
00	I	\|1>₂	\|ψ⁺>
01	σ_x	\|0>₂	\|ψ⁺>
01	σ_x	\|1>₂	\|φ⁺>
10	iσ_y	\|0>₂	\|ψ^->
10	iσ_y	\|1>₂	\|φ^->
11	σ_z	\|0>₂	\|φ^->
11	σ_z	\|1>₂	\|ψ^->

Table 1. Relationship between measured results and Alice's operations

M'₁	β'_B1	r	β_C
00	0	00	\|φ⁺>
00	0	01	\|ψ⁺>
00	0	10	\|ψ^->
00	0	11	\|φ^->
00	1	00	\|ψ⁺>
00	1	01	\|φ⁺>
00	1	10	\|φ^->
00	1	11	\|ψ^->
01	0	00	\|ψ⁺>
01	0	01	\|φ⁺>
01	0	10	\|φ^->
01	0	11	\|ψ^->
01	1	00	\|φ⁺>
01	1	01	\|ψ⁺>
01	1	10	\|ψ^->
01	1	11	\|φ^->
10	0	00	\|ψ^->
10	0	01	\|φ^->
10	0	10	\|φ⁺>
10	0	11	\|ψ⁺>
10	1	00	\|φ^->
10	1	01	\|ψ^->
10	1	10	\|ψ⁺>
10	1	11	\|φ⁺>
11	0	00	\|φ^->
11	0	01	\|ψ^->
11	0	10	\|ψ⁺>
11	0	11	\|φ⁺>
11	1	00	\|ψ^->
11	1	01	\|φ^->
11	1	10	\|φ⁺>
11	1	11	\|ψ⁺>

Table 2. Relationship among M'₁, β'_B1, r and β_C

Method	Quantum resource	Measurement	Controlledteleportation	Unitaryoperator
Protocol in Ref.[7]	Genuinely entangledsix-qubit state	Three Bell statemeasurement	Yes	Once
Protocol in Ref.[8]	Six-qubitentangled state	One single particle measurement, one GHZ state measurement, and one Bell state measurement	Yes	Once
Protocol in Ref.[9]	Four-particlecluster state	Two Bell statemeasurement	Yes	Once
Proposed protocol	Three-particleentangled state	One single particle measurement,and one Bell state measurement	No	Twice

Table 3. Comparison between proposed protocol and others

Yefeng He, Sihao Chen, Yuwei Qiang, Lina Li, Qian Bai. Electronic Payment Protocol Based on Quantum Dense Coding[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2021, 41(10): 1027001

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