Space debris is increasing rapidly owing to the rapid development of aerospace technology， which occupies limited orbital resources and threatens the safety of spacecraft in orbit， even the falling of space debris also poses a serious scare to people. The laser ranging has the characteristics of short wavelength， small divergence angle， good direction， good monochromaticity， strong anti-interference and so on. It can significantly improve the accuracy of space debris orbit determination. This paper makes a more comprehensive theoretical analysis for the space debris laser ranging. The technological development process of space debris laser ranging is described from the aspects of laser mode， signal detection and reception and so on. The development of the space debris laser ranging technology of the kilohertz repetition rate of pulse bursts mode and the 100 kilohertz pulse bursts transceiver alternate mode is discussed， and daytime laser measurement techniques of space debris are explained. Ultra-high repetition rate laser ranging technology would be applied in space debris laser ranging， it provides a new method for the further improvement of space debris laser ranging capabilities.