Under ground simulation for the space environment of high vacuum, heat sink and low energy protons with less than 200 keV, the change in optical transmittance of JGS3 optical quartz glass was studied, and the kinetic model for the evolution of color centers in the process of radiation damage was set up. The experimental results show that radiation damage effects obviously occur on the surface layer of quartz glass under large flux and low energy proton radiation. The optical density change increases rapidly and then a saturation trend appears with further increasing absorption dose; and the appearance of saturation inflexion is advanced and its value decreases using higher radiation energy. By analyzing experimental results, a kinetic model for the evolution of color centers in quartz glass irradiated with protons is proposed, and the change in optical density can be given. The experimental results are mathematically fitting with the function deduced from the model. The mathematical fitted curve is similar to experimental ones. It is believed that the proposed kinetic model can be used in the quantitative description for the change in optical property of quartz glass with increasing absorption dose under proton radiation with low energy.