In order to explore the applicability of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing technology in the experimental study of the penetration characteristics of open pipe pile, a sensitized miniature FBG strain sensor is used to monitor the stress state of the open pipe pile during the pile sinking process in the indoor model test. A detachable double-walled open model pipe pile is made, the FBG sensors are mounted on the model pipe pile by grooving and gluing the pile wall. The stress distribution and variation law of the model pipe pile during penetration are measured. The results indicate that the sensors with the special model pipe pile can better meet the requirements for testing the penetration characteristics of the open pipe pile. The sensors are easy to install and have a high survival rate. With the increase of the penetration depth of the model pipe pile, the bearing characteristic is similar to the friction end-bearing piles, and the axial forces of the inner and outer walls of the pile increase, but the growth rate of each point is different. The lateral frictional resistance of the inner and outer wall of the pile increases as a whole, and the unit side frictional resistance shows different degrees of “degradation effect”.