Ginseng mainly relies on field cultivation, which takes a long time. The use of plant tissue culture technology can not only shorten the breeding period, but also can be directly used to produce secondary metabolites. In plant tissue culture, the influence of light quality on the secondary metabolites of medicinal plants has attracted widespread attention. In our work, ginseng callus was used as the experimental material, and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography was used to study the effects of different light qualities (including red light, red-blue light, blue light, green light, yellow-green light) on the total saponins and the contents of 9 saponins monomers Rg1, Re, Rf, Ro, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rb3, Rd. The results show that green light accelerates the aging of ginseng callus and promotes the accumulation of secondary metabolites, while blue light can promote the growth of ginseng callus; red light and green light have no obvious effect on total saponins, and blue light, red-blue light (1:1), yellow-green light (1:1) have obvious inhibitory effects on the conversion and synthesis of ginsenosides; compared with the control group, the contents of Rg1 and Rf were higher under green light treatment, and the contents were 4.063 and 1.194 mg·g^-1, respectively, the green light also promoted the content of Rg1 and Rf ginsenoside monomers. This experiment shows that different light qualities have different effects on the growth of ginseng callus and the content of saponins. Green light treatment is beneficial to obtain ginseng monomer saponins Rg1 and Rf. The purpose of this article is to explore the effects of light quality on the physiology and biochemistry of ginseng callus, increase the content of ginsenosides, and provide a theoretical basis for industrial production.