Laser Powder Bed Fusion Fabrication of Sn‑3.0Ag‑0.5Cu (SAC305) Alloys Without Protective Atmosphere: Process and Mechanical Properties

Jiaming Yu; Yongqiang Yang; Trofimov Vyacheslav; Di Wang; Jinhui Huang; Yan Wang; Hanxiang Zhou

doi:10.3788/CJL230675

[1] Yang Y Q, Chen J, Song C H et al. Current status and progress on technology of selective laser melting of metal parts[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 55, 011401(2018).

[2] Mai S Z, Yang Y Q, Wang D. Study on surface morphology and roughness variation of NiCr alloy curved surface manufactured by selective laser melting[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 42, 1203004(2015).

[3] Wang D W, Dong Y P, Tian Y H et al. Mechanism of active atmosphere on laser additive manufacturing of metal materials[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 49, 1402201(2022).

[4] Yang L X, Dang S W, Wang X Y. Metal additive manufacturing technology for emergency maintenance of field equipment[J]. Powder Metallurgy Technology, 40, 325-333(2022).

[5] Wen J H, Ding Y C, Zhao Z L. Application status and prospect of additive repair technology[J]. Applied Laser, 43, 109-118(2023).

[6] Rombouts M, Kruth J P, Froyen L et al. Fundamentals of selective laser melting of alloyed steel powders[J]. CIRP Annals, 55, 187-192(2006).

[7] Li R D, Liu J H, Shi Y S et al. Balling behavior of stainless steel and nickel powder during selective laser melting process[J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 59, 1025-1035(2012).

[8] Doubenskaia M, Kotoban D, Zhirnov I. Study of oxygen effect on the melting pool temperature during selective laser melting[J]. Mechanics & Industry, 17, 707(2016).

[9] Hu Z H, Zhu H H, Nie X J et al. On the role of atmospheric oxygen into mechanical properties and fracture behavior of selective laser melted AlCu5MnCdVA[J]. Materials & Design, 150, 18-27(2018).

[10] Tian S, Wang F J, He P et al. Effect of reflowing atmosphere on mechanical properties of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu Pb-free solder joints[J]. Electronics Process Technology, 36, 311-314(2015).

[11] Liu W, Tian Y H, Yang L et al. Oxidation and Au-Sn reaction of laser reflowed micro-solder joints protected by N2 or exposed to air atmosphere[J]. Soldering & Surface Mount Technology, 24, 191-196(2012).

[12] Chen G Y, Wang X T, Yang J et al. Effect of micromorphology on corrosion and mechanical properties of SAC305 lead-free solders[J]. Microelectronics Reliability, 108, 113634(2020).

[13] Shen J, Liu Y C, Han Y J et al. Effects of cooling rates on microstructure and microhardness of lead-free Sn-3.5% Ag solders[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 16, 59-64(2006).

[14] Shi Q M, Gu D D, Xia M J et al. Effects of laser processing parameters on thermal behavior and melting/solidification mechanism during selective laser melting of TiC/Inconel 718 composites[J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 84, 9-22(2016).

[15] Huang Z Q, He D Y, Liu R P et al. Overview of development and application of built-up welding technology[J]. Electric Welding Machine, 53, 56-62(2023).

[16] Chen M Y, Zheng Y F, Gao H B et al. Influence analysis of surfacing cladding on the mechanical properties of the structure[J]. Chemical Engineering & Machinery, 50, 249-255(2023).

[17] Jiang R X, Niu Z W, Shi C C et al. Research status of energy-carrying beam additive repairing technology forNickel-based superalloys[J]. Materials Reports, 37, 188-199(2023).

[18] Qin Y L, Sun B H, Zhang H et al. Development of selective laser melted aluminum alloys and aluminum matrix composites in aerospace field[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 48, 1402002(2021).

[19] Wang D, Dou W H, Yang Y Q. Research on selective laser melting of Ti6Al4V: surface morphologies, optimized processing zone, and ductility improvement mechanism[J]. Metals, 8, 471(2018).

[20] Wang D, Ou Y H, Dou W H et al. Research progress on spatter behavior in laser powder bed fusion[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 47, 0900001(2020).

[22] Kumar P M, Gergely G, Horváth D K et al. Investigating the microstructural and mechanical properties of pure lead-free soldering materials (SAC305 & SAC405)[J]. Powder Metallurgy Progress, 18, 49-57(2018).

[23] Muhammad R, Ali U. Optimized cerium addition for microstructure and mechanical properties of SAC305[J]. Soldering & Surface Mount Technology, 33, 197-205(2021).

[24] Ali U, Khan H, Aamir M et al. Analysis of microstructure and mechanical properties of bismuth-doped SAC305 lead-free solder alloy at high temperature[J]. Metals, 11, 1077(2021).

[25] Wang D, Huang J H, Tan C L et al. Effect of circulating heat input on microstructure and properties in laser additive manufacturing process[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 58, 1221-1235(2022).

[26] Li R D. Research on the key basic issues in selective laser melting of metallic powder[D], 96-103(2010).

[27] Lang J P, Tang X Y, Tao J Q[M]. Inorganic chemistry, 379-380(2020).

[28] Ren X X, Li M, Mao D L. Effect of alloying elements on the high-temperature oxidation resistance of Sn-Zn based lead-free solder[J]. Electronic Components & Materials, 23, 40-44(2004).

[29] Liu W, Liu C S, Ding X M et al. Research status on control of oxide inclusions in stainless steels during laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research, 35, 489-503(2023).

[30] Wu Q, Xu G F, Huang R Z et al. Effect of alloying elements on microstructure evolution of Ag/SnO2 materials at the initial stage of preparation[J]. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 32, 3729-3745(2022).

[31] Wang D, Wu S B, Fu F et al. Mechanisms and characteristics of spatter generation in SLM processing and its effect on the properties[J]. Materials & Design, 117, 121-130(2017).

[32] Chen F, Du C H, Du Y F et al. Thermooxidation capability of liquid Sn-Cu solder on constant temperature[J]. Electronic Components and Materials, 25, 49-51(2006).

[33] Peng L M, Deng Q C, Wu Y J et al. Research status and prospect of selective laser melting additive manufacturing technology for magnesium alloys[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 59, 31-54(2023).

[34] Zuo Y, Ma L M, Xu G C et al. Directional solidification of eutectic SnAgCu solder alloy[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 42, 1048-1052(2013).