A convenient and rapid, sensitive and accurate, and non-destructive method was established to analyze rubber sole. It provides clues, indicates investigation direction for the detection, and provides the scientific basis for proving the crime. Rubber sole samples was tested by using X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to provide scientific basis for verifying crime. The test parameters were set as the following: voltage was 45 kV, test current was 40 μA, power was 1.8 kW, the size of sample was 1.5 cm×1.5 cm, and testing time was set as 60 s. The qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis of inorganic elements in 40 different rubber sole samples of different brands and different types was carried out, and the reproducibility of the method was examined. At the same time, the rubber sole samples were classified using SPSS clustering analysis-center of gravity method as definition of distance between the classes. Consequently, the method has the characteristics of accurate and reliable result, good reproducibility, no need for sample preparation and non-destructive testing. It can be used for public security organs to resolve the cases.