Biological evidence is individual-specific, easily ignored by criminals, stably attached to the crime scene, and difficult to destroy completely. It has a high investigative value. Based on the photoacoustic effect, the photoacoustic spectroscopy realize detection using the mechanism by which the sample absorbs light energy, converts it into heat energy, and generates a sound signal. The photoacoustic spectroscopy provides a sensitive and nondestructive effective method for the research of biological materials, and it has become an essential analysis tool in the field of forensic science. Based on a brief introduction to the photoacoustic effect and the principle of photoacoustic signal generation, this article focuses on the research status of photoacoustic spectroscopy in the identification and analysis of gas, liquid, and biological tissue materials that can be used as forensic biological evidence. The application limitations and development prospects of the technology are summarized and prospected.