Fig. 1. The study area and distribution of sampling points
(a): RGB true color image of Fukang city and study area using Gaofen-1; (b): Sampling points
Fig. 2. UAV operation and UAV-based hyperspectral sensor
Fig. 3. Descriptive chart of the sample sets
Fig. 4. Hyperspectral images after FOD processing
(a): Hyperspectral image cube; (b)—(u): Processing results of 0.1 to 2 orders
Fig. 5. Spectral preprocessed by different FOD
Fig. 6. The correlation coefficient between band and SMC under different FOD pretreatments
(a): Heatmap; (b): Maximum correlation coefficient
Fig. 7. Scatter plot of measured SMC and estimated SMC
Fig. 8. SMC spatial distribution under the optimal model
Fig. 9. Bands importance under different FOD pretreatment
建模策略 | | RMSEC | | RMSEP | RPIQ |
---|
0阶 | 0.749 | 3.005 | 0.685 | 2.414 | 1.211 | 0.1阶 | 0.818 | 0.633 | 0.811 | 3.934 | 2.968 | 0.2阶 | 0.858 | 2.649 | 0.849 | 1.664 | 3.027 | 0.3阶 | 0.820 | 2.668 | 0.829 | 1.690 | 3.029 | 0.4阶 | 0.898 | 2.320 | 0.874 | 1.458 | 3.152 | 0.5阶 | 0.858 | 2.345 | 0.852 | 1.898 | 3.009 | 0.6阶 | 0.820 | 3.359 | 0.811 | 1.940 | 2.812 | 0.7阶 | 0.839 | 2.522 | 0.821 | 1.726 | 2.692 | 0.8阶 | 0.863 | 2.318 | 0.867 | 1.545 | 3.050 | 0.9阶 | 0.798 | 3.436 | 0.799 | 1.926 | 2.733 | 1阶 | 0.790 | 4.384 | 0.719 | 2.358 | 1.498 | 1.1阶 | 0.754 | 3.394 | 0.753 | 2.141 | 1.945 | 1.2阶 | 0.750 | 3.480 | 0.759 | 2.451 | 1.332 | 1.3阶 | 0.781 | 2.765 | 0.781 | 2.030 | 1.868 | 1.4阶 | 0.755 | 3.619 | 0.753 | 2.310 | 1.359 | 1.5阶 | 0.769 | 3.230 | 0.752 | 2.453 | 1.227 | 1.6阶 | 0.799 | 3.017 | 0.759 | 2.607 | 1.601 | 1.7阶 | 0.836 | 3.634 | 0.822 | 2.101 | 2.281 | 1.8阶 | 0.824 | 3.504 | 0.816 | 2.129 | 1.985 | 1.9阶 | 0.842 | 2.414 | 0.837 | 1.987 | 2.222 | 2阶 | 0.760 | 2.985 | 0.723 | 2.221 | 1.979 |
|
Table 1. Comparisons of GBRT models based on different modeling strategies