• Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
  • Vol. 59, Issue 7, 0730001 (2022)
Ming Li1, Weijuan Liu1, Yanmei Zhu2, Qing Wei1, Tianyang Xu2, Yanmei Yang1, Mengcao Xu1, and Changyu Li1、*
Author Affiliations
  • 1Yunnan Reascend Tobacco Technology(Group)Co., Ltd., Kunming , Yunnan 650106, China
  • 2Wenshan Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company, Wenshan, Yunnan 663000, China
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    DOI: 10.3788/LOP202259.0730001 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Ming Li, Weijuan Liu, Yanmei Zhu, Qing Wei, Tianyang Xu, Yanmei Yang, Mengcao Xu, Changyu Li. Rapid Determination of Nicotine in E-Liquid by Near Infrared Spectroscopy Based on Wavelength Optimization[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2022, 59(7): 0730001 Copy Citation Text show less
    Spectra of e-liquid. (a) Original spectrum; (b) first derivative spectrum
    Fig. 1. Spectra of e-liquid. (a) Original spectrum; (b) first derivative spectrum
    Distribution of abnormal samples after 5000 random sampling
    Fig. 2. Distribution of abnormal samples after 5000 random sampling
    iPLS wavelength selection. (a) 5 sub-interval; (b) 7 sub-interval; (c) 10 sub-interval; (d) 12 sub-interval
    Fig. 3. iPLS wavelength selection. (a) 5 sub-interval; (b) 7 sub-interval; (c) 10 sub-interval; (d) 12 sub-interval
    Best band of SiPLS combination modeling in 12 sub-interval
    Fig. 4. Best band of SiPLS combination modeling in 12 sub-interval
    Scatter plot of predicted and actual values of SiPLS wavelength selection modeling
    Fig. 5. Scatter plot of predicted and actual values of SiPLS wavelength selection modeling
    Interval numberOrder numberWaveband /nmNumber of wavelengthsPrincipal componentMSECV
    521090‒12287095.05
    31230‒136870824.48
    41370‒15087074.57
    51510‒164870621.49
    731150‒124850912.02
    51350‒14485094.16
    61450‒154850530.73
    71550‒164850627.68
    1031090‒115835529.51
    41160‒122835720.49
    61300‒136835722.29
    71370‒14383585.48
    1241126‒11822967.97
    51184‒124029630.50
    81358‒141429620.06
    91416‒147229518.77
    Table 1. Comparison of 5,7,10, and 12 sub-interval iPLS modeling results
    Combination intervalCombinationsOrder numberWaveband /nmNumber of wavelengthsPrincipal componentMSECV
    2102,41090‒1228,1370‒1508140132.09
    3,41230‒1368,1370‒1508140143.73
    2,31090‒1228,1230‒1368140103.94
    3102,3,4

    1090‒1228,1230‒1368,

    1370‒1508

    210102.00
    1,2,4

    952‒1088,1090‒1228,

    1370‒1508

    209112.66
    2,4,5

    1090‒1228,1370‒1508,

    1510‒1648

    210102.72
    451,2,3,4

    952‒1088,1090‒1228,

    1230‒1368,1370‒1508

    279112.48
    2,3,4,5

    1090‒1228,1230‒1368,

    1370‒1508,1510‒1648

    280102.69
    1,2,4,5

    952,1088,1090,1228,

    1370,1508,1510,1648

    279113.07
    Table 2. Combination modeling results of SiPLS in 5 sub-interval
    Combination intervalCombinationsOrder numberWaveband /nmNumber of wavelengthsPrincipal componentMSECV
    2213,51150‒1248,1350‒1448100121.28
    5,61350‒1448,1450‒1548100142.72
    4,51250‒1348,1350‒1448100103.09
    3353,4,51150‒1248,1250‒1348,1350‒1448150111.08
    1,3,5952‒1048,1150‒1248,1350‒1448149141.44
    2,3,51050‒1148,1150‒1248,1350‒1448150111.55
    4352,3,4,5

    1050‒1148,1150‒1248,

    1250‒1348,1350‒1448

    200121.31
    1,3,4,5

    952‒1048,1150‒1248,

    1250‒1348,1350‒1448

    199141.35
    3,4,5,6

    1150‒1248,1250‒1348,

    1350‒1448,1450‒1548

    20091.74
    Table 3. Combination modeling results of SiPLS in 7 sub-interval
    Combination intervalCombinationsOrder numberWaveband /nmNumber of wavelengthsPrincipal componentMSECV
    2454,71160‒1228,1370‒143870101.97
    4,91160‒1228,1510‒157870122.71
    6,71300‒1368,1370‒14387093.09
    31204,7,91160‒1228,1370‒1438,1510‒1578105141.38
    4,6,71160‒1228,1300‒1368,1370‒1438105101.46
    4,5,71160‒1228,1230‒1298,1370, 1438105121.60
    42104,6,7,9

    1160‒1228,1300‒1368,

    1370‒1438,1510‒1578

    140141.43
    3,4,5,7

    1090‒1158,1160‒1228,

    1230‒1298,1370‒1438

    140131.52
    3,4,6,7

    1090‒1158,1160‒1228,

    1300‒1368,1370‒1438

    140111.53
    Table 4. Combination modeling results of SiPLS in 10 sub-interval
    Combination intervalCombinationsOrder numberWaveband /nmNumber of wavelengthsPrincipal componentMSECV
    2668,101358‒1414,1474‒15305892.60
    4,101126‒1182,1474‒15305883.24
    8,91358‒1414,1416‒147258123.59
    32204,8,101126‒1182,1358‒1414,1474‒153087101.22
    4,7,101126‒1182,1300‒1356,1474‒153087101.64
    4,8,91126‒1182,1358‒1414,1416‒147287101.94
    44954,5,8,10

    1126‒1182,1184‒1240,

    1358‒1414,1474‒1530

    116130.97
    4,7,8,10

    1126‒1182,1300‒1356,

    1358‒1414,1474‒1530

    116101.31
    4,8,10,11

    1126‒1182,1358‒1414,

    1474‒1530,1532‒1588

    116131.32
    Table 5. Combination modeling results of SiPLS in 12 sub-interval
    MethodWaveband /nmNumber of wavelengthsPrincipal componentMSECMSEPR2
    Full-spectrum-PLS952‒1648349100.6831.1880.997
    iPLS-PLS1350‒14485081.1222.9090.993
    SiPLS-PLS1126‒1240,1358‒1414,1474‒153011690.5000.9630.997
    Table 6. Modeling comparison of full-spectrum, iPLS, and SiPLS wavelength selection
    Ming Li, Weijuan Liu, Yanmei Zhu, Qing Wei, Tianyang Xu, Yanmei Yang, Mengcao Xu, Changyu Li. Rapid Determination of Nicotine in E-Liquid by Near Infrared Spectroscopy Based on Wavelength Optimization[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2022, 59(7): 0730001
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