The high-resolution absorption spectra of real and simulated atmosphere were recorded by using an experimental system, which includes a tunable pulsed OPO, an 8 m base-length white cell with optical length of 1 km, and a time-division multiplexing detector system. The sensitivity is 0.5×10 -6 cm -1 and resolving power is 0.02 cm -1. The high-resolution absorption spectra of real atmosphere near 1.315 μm have been measured and compared with the simulated spectra according to HITRAN 96 database. The strong lines of water vapor molecule fit very well and the relative errors of molecular line intensity of the most strong lines are less than 10%.