In order to apply laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) into the monitoring and analysis of nuclear materials, we use pulsed laser with wavelength of 1064 nm to induce the plasma spectrum in the experiment, detect the optical signal using multi-channel grating spectrometer, and study the effects of different experimental parameters on the spectral property. The characteristic spectral lines Ce I 500.91 nm and Ce II 446.02 nm are chosen for analysis. The experimental results show that the experimental parameters such as the target position, the distance of the focusing lens to the samples, the excitation energy and the delay time have great influence on the LIBS signal of cerium oxide. High spectral intensity and signal-background ratio are obtained by the optimization of these experimental parameters, and the optimum experimental conditions for the analysis of cerium oxide by LIBS technology are determined, which provide some data reference for the future study of component analysis of plutonium oxide.