Fig. 1. (a) Spatial distributions of the plasma wake (green iso-surfaces), the injected electron beam (red points), the electric fields of the drive and injection lasers (blue-red-orange-green iso-surfaces) at t = 825 fs. (b) Momentum distribution of the accelerated electrons at the ionization time of t = 132 fs^[37]

Fig. 2. Schematic of the two-stage scheme^[39]

Fig. 3. Schematic of an intense laser striking a target combined with bulk solid density targets and transparent channel^[46]

Fig. 4. Schematic diagram of quasi-monoenergetic γ-rays generation by twisted lasers in near critical density (NCD) plasma^[57]

Fig. 5. Schematic view of an intense linearly polarized laser striking a near-critical-density plasmas filled Al cone^[58]

Fig. 6. (a) 3D evolutions of electrons and protons at t₁ =17.5T₀，t₂ = 20T₀，t₃ = 22.5T₀，t₄ = 25T₀. (b) Projections of proton density distributions in the x-y plane and transverse electrical fields E_y in the x-z plane^[67]

Fig. 7. Schematic diagram of ultra-bright γ-ray emission by counter-propagating lasers irradiating two diamondlike carbon (DLC) foils^[75]

Fig. 8. Schematic of γ-ray vortex generation from a laser-illuminated light-fan-in-channel target^[81]

Fig. 9. Schematic of the attosecond pulses generation from the interaction between a two-color (ω₀, 2ω₀) circularly-polarized laser and a dense plasma target^[89]

Table 1. Comparison of different X/γ-ray sources from several typical schemes based-on laser-plasma interaction