Employing the 6S atmospheric radiation transport model and Terra moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) L1B data, the experimental retrieval of dust aerosol optical thickness is performed using surface reflectance atmospheric correction and dust aerosol model built with aerosol observations at Semi-arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University (SACOL). The results show that the four schemes of regional algorithm are feasible. The retrieval result derived from the atmospheric correction scheme using the aerosol model built by SACOL data with consideration for the ngstrm exponent is closest to the surface observation. The relative error is -7.3%. The quantitative analysis of error using a numerical test is performed and the results show that the retrieval is stable.