Fig. 1. (color online) The scaling property in the data for and at midrapidity in different multiplicity classes in collisions at TeV. The coefficient in the four multiplicity classes is taken as (1.76, 1.82, 1.83, 1.93). The data for and are taken from Ref. [26].

Fig. 2. (color online) The scaling property in the data for and at midrapidity in the inelastic events in collisions at 7 and 13 TeV. The coefficient is taken as (2.0, 1.5), respectively. The data for and are taken from Refs. [26, 27].

Fig. 3. (color online) The scaled spectra of and at midrapidity in pp collisions at 13 TeV given by the event generators Pythia8 and Herwig6.5. See the text for detailed explanation.

Fig. 4. (color online) The spectra of u and s quarks at midrapidity, and their ratio in the inelastic (INEL>0) events inpp collisions at 13 TeV.

Fig. 5. (color online) The spectra of identified hadrons at midrapidity in the inelastic (INEL>0) events in collisions at 13 TeV. The solid lines are the results of QCM and the symbols are the preliminary data of the ALICE collaboration [27].

Fig. 6. (color online) The ratio as a function of in the inelastic events in collisions at 13 TeV. The solid line is the result of QCM and the symbols are the experimental data [51, 52].

Fig. 7. (color online) Prediction of the ratios and as a function of at midrapidity in the inelastic events in collisions at 13 TeV.

Fig. 8. (color online) The spectra of and quarks at midrapidity in different multiplicity classes in collisions at 13 TeV.

Fig. 9. (color online) The yield densities of identified hadrons at midrapidity in different multiplicity classes in collisions at 13 TeV. The solid lines are the results of QCM and the symbols are the preliminary data of the ALICE collaboration [52, 54].

Fig. 10. (color online) The yield ratios of hyperons to pions divided by the number of inclusive events. The data for collisions at 7 [5] and 13 TeV [52], and -Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV [55, 56], are presented. The solid lines are the numerical results of QCM, and the dotted lines are the analytic approximation in QCM.

Fig. 11. (color online) The yield ratio as a function of . The preliminary data for collisions at 13 TeV, solid squares, and for -Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV, solid circles, are taken from Refs. [52, 58]. The solid line is the result of QCM.

Fig. 12. (color online) The yield ratio as a function of . The data for collisions at 7 and 13 TeV, solid circles and squares, and the data for -Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV, solid circles, are taken from Refs. [52, 58]. The solid line is the numerical result of QCM. The short dashed lines are the analytical approximation.

Fig. 13. (color online) The spectra of identified hadrons at midrapidity in different multiplicity classes in collisions at 13 TeV. The solid lines are the results of QCM and the symbols are the preliminary data of the ALICE collaboration [52, 53].

Fig. 14. (color online) Prediction of the ratios and as a function of at midrapidity in collisions at 13 TeV.