Spatio-temporal evolution and influencing factors of urban green development efficiency in China

Liang ZHOU; Chenghu ZHOU; Lei CHE; Bao WANG

doi:10.1007/s11442-020-1752-5

Journals >Journal of Geographical Sciences >Volume 30 >Issue 5 >Page 724 > Article

Journal of Geographical Sciences
Vol. 30, Issue 5, 724 (2020)

Spatio-temporal evolution and influencing factors of urban green development efficiency in China

Liang ZHOU^1、2, Chenghu ZHOU², Lei CHE^3、*, and Bao WANG⁴

Author Affiliations

¹Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China

²State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China

³School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China

⁴Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China

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DOI: 10.1007/s11442-020-1752-5 Cite this Article

Liang ZHOU, Chenghu ZHOU, Lei CHE, Bao WANG. Spatio-temporal evolution and influencing factors of urban green development efficiency in China[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2020, 30(5): 724 Copy Citation Text

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Fig. 1. The temporal evolution of UGDE in China from 2005 to 2015

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Fig. 2. The decomposition of the Theil index of UGDE in different regions of China

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Fig. 3. The multi-level evolution of UGDE in urban agglomerations of China from 2005 to 2015

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Fig. 4. The UGDE in multi-level urban agglomerations from 2005 to 2015

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Fig. 5. The factors influencing the mechanism of UGDE in China

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Type	First level indicators	Second level indicators	Third level indicators
Input	Capital	Fixed capital stock	Total social fixed capital investment
	Labor	Number of unit employers	Number of unit employees at the end of the year
	Technology	Number of patent authorizations	Number of patent applications granted by region
	Resources	Water, land, and energy consumption	Total water supply, urban built-up area, total electricity consumption
	Resources	Water, land, and energy consumption	Artificial and natural gas supply, liquefied gas supply
Output	Desirable output	Economic benefits	GDP (constant price in 2005)
		Social benefits	Average wage of urban employees, total retail sales of consumer goods
		Environmental benefits	Area of urban green space, percentage cover of green space, utilization rate of industrial solid waste
		Environmental benefits	centralized treatment rate of sewage treatment plants, treatment rate of harmless domestic garbage
	Undesirable output	Environmental pollution	Amount of industrial wastewater, amount of industrial SO₂ emitted, amount of industrial dust emitted

Table 1.

The evaluation of UGDE in China

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Type		2005-2008				2008-2009				2009-2015
Type		1	2	3	4	1	2	3	4	1	2	3	4
1	1	0.847	0.097	0.028	0.028	0.762	0.119	0.071	0.048	0.844	0.131	0.010	0.015
	2	0.292	0.477	0.200	0.031	0.190	0.238	0.476	0.095	0.202	0.551	0.191	0.056
	3	0.167	0.250	0.417	0.167	0.167	0.417	0.250	0.167	0.000	0.275	0.625	0.100
	4	0.111	0.111	0.222	0.556	0.222	0.000	0.000	0.778	0.034	0.052	0.190	0.724
2	1	0.674	0.304	0.022	0.000	0.357	0.500	0.071	0.071	0.805	0.161	0.011	0.023
	2	0.250	0.515	0.176	0.059	0.154	0.346	0.385	0.115	0.167	0.592	0.225	0.017
	3	0.118	0.196	0.549	0.137	0.045	0.091	0.500	0.364	0.016	0.203	0.626	0.154
	4	0.000	0.043	0.087	0.870	0.000	0.000	0.222	0.778	0.010	0.051	0.153	0.786
3	1	0.740	0.260	0.000	0.000	0.455	0.364	0.091	0.091	0.692	0.282	0.013	0.013
	2	0.280	0.480	0.200	0.040	0.176	0.294	0.471	0.059	0.130	0.652	0.174	0.043
	3	0.082	0.219	0.548	0.151	0.077	0.231	0.308	0.385	0.017	0.182	0.645	0.157
	4	0.019	0.074	0.148	0.759	0.000	0.100	0.200	0.700	0.009	0.026	0.183	0.783
4	1	0.833	0.133	0.033	0.000	0.600	0.400	0.000	0.000	0.838	0.162	0.000	0.000
	2	0.207	0.517	0.241	0.034	0.056	0.389	0.556	0.000	0.120	0.652	0.163	0.065
	3	0.049	0.246	0.557	0.148	0.000	0.111	0.500	0.389	0.010	0.286	0.480	0.224
	4	0.000	0.010	0.237	0.753	0.000	0.042	0.042	0.917	0.000	0.031	0.221	0.748

Table 2.

The spatial Markov transfer matrix of UGDE from 2005 to 2015

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	Variable	Model (1)	Z value	Model (2)	Z value	Model (3)	Z value
Human and social factors	rgdp	0.025^***	3.68			0.030^***	4.20
	rgdp²	0.013^***	3.68			0.015^***	4.20
	is	0.087^*	1.55			0.089^*	1.58
	fdi	0.007^**	2.07			0.005^*	1.50
	te	-0.439^***	-6.64			-0.453^***	-6.84
Natural background factors	tem			0.005^**	2.32	0.007^***	3.21
	pre			-0.004	-0.67	-0.001	-0.40
	eq			0.0001	0.28	0.0004	0.38
	ndvi			0.119^*	1.67	-0.027	1.01
	C	0.212^***	-3.71	0.723^***	-3.62	0.099^***	1.01
Correlation test	sigma_u	0.181		0.187		0.178
	sigma_e	0.139		0.141		0.139
	rho	0.628		0.638		0.621
	likelihood ratio test	1305.72		1262.74		1312.67

Table 3.

The estimation of the factors influencing UGDE in China

Liang ZHOU, Chenghu ZHOU, Lei CHE, Bao WANG. Spatio-temporal evolution and influencing factors of urban green development efficiency in China[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2020, 30(5): 724

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