In order to improve the reliability of asynchronous clock sampling signal recovery data in deep space optical communication, an asynchronous clock delay sampling data recovery scheme based on optical pulse position modulation is proposed. The scheme divides output signals of the photon detector arrays into two groups. The output signals of odd arrays are sampled into a certain slot frequency, and the output signals of even arrays are sampled after half slot sampling. Finally, the two groups of sampling signals are merged and interpolated separately to complete the process of data recovery. The simulation results show that the sampling performance of delay sampling data recovery scheme is better than that of traditional sampling scheme. When the sampling frequency is with one times slot frequency, the proposed scheme can effectively reduce the signal loss caused by the traditional sample mode, and suppress the pulse shift error caused by the delay jitter. The system performance can be improved obviously.