ing at the region of 33.5°N-34.5°N on the satellite transit route, we compare the aerosol vertical distribution characteristics during clean period, haze, dust, and pollution caused by fireworks based on CALIPSO satellite laser radar data. The results show that, in the sunny day, most of aerosols are clean continental aerosols at high altitude; in haze, most of aerosols are polluted continental aerosols whose backscatter and extinction are strong, and most of aerosol particles are spherical particles with small diameters; in dust, aerosols have a wide vertical distribution from the ground to the high altitude, and most of aerosol particles are non-spherical particles with big sizes; in pollution caused by fireworks, aerosol particles are the small size particles at low altitude, whose types are the polluted continental aerosol and the polluted dust aerosol. It is concluded that the vertical distributions of aerosol under different population types are different. We can use CALIPSO satellite laser radar data, together with meteorological element and HYSPLIT model to characterize the category of the atmospheric aerosol.