The atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO2) is a greenhouse gas which plays a dominant role in climate changes and also in some other fields. The remote sensing system for vertical profiles of atmospheric CO2 was based on non-dispersive infrared gas detection technology, which can transmit data by wireless. The modulated infrared radiation source and dual-channel detector were employed in the system which take advantage of ultra-low consumption MCU to realize automatic control and acquisition. The method of deducting the fluctuation and background noise of signal was proposed, which made the relative error at 0.29% of the detection. And the time-sharing operation mode was adopted to resolve electromagnetic interference(EMI) from high frequency transmitter of radio sounding to the operational amplifier of the CO2 detection. The digital radio sounding of widely used in meteorology and CO2 detection were integrated highly. The comparison analysis between self-made CO2 remote sensing system and LI-COR LI7500 were carried out, preliminary results show that the variation trends of atmospheric CO2 have good consistency from the two detection systems; the correlation coefficient was 0.89 from 24 hours data. It can be indicated that the self-made system has good constancy and accuracy. The self-made system offers another choice to exploit to measure the vertical profiles of atmospheric CO2.