Aiming at the stability of output wavelength and power of chaotic semiconductor lasers, a high stability control system for chaotic semiconductor lasers is designed. The deep negative feedback circuit is used to realize high stability and high precision constant current control. The high stability control of laser temperature is realized by using fuzzy adaptive proportional-integral-differentiation algorithm and H bridge drive circuit. The results show that the output current range of the designed dual-channel current source is 0.00?40.00 mA and 0.00?100.00 mA, and the stability at room temperature of 25.0 ℃ is better than 0.002% and 0.004%, respectively. The adjustment accuracy can reach 0.01 mA. When the driving current is 20.00 mA, the output optical power drift of the chaotic semiconductor laser works continuously for 120 min is only 0.0066 dBm and 0.0072 dBm, respectively. The temperature control range of the temperature control circuit is 18.0?40.0 ℃, and the central wavelength shift of the laser working at 25.0 ℃ for 120 min is only 0.007 nm. The control system can work stably at the ambient temperature of 10.0?40.0 ℃.