In recent years, with the rapid development of modern industry, the non-contact measurement technology has attracted more and more attention. As an interferometric measurement technique, the laser Doppler vibration measurement can be applied to application scenarios where it is difficult to obtain vibration measurements through accelerometers or other surface contact sensors. Since the birth of the laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) in 1983, it has gradually become the most widely used non-contact vibration measuring equipment in various fields due to its advantages of high precision, high efficiency, and portability. Based on the analysis of the basic principles of LDV, this paper discusses the applications of LDV in agriculture, life medicine, aerospace, and construction engineering in recent years.