In order to identify the adulteration of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) powder quickly and control the quality of TCM powder effectively, spectral imaging analysis technology is used to test the mixed powder of rhizoma coptidis and cortex phellodendri chinensis. The standard samples of rhizoma coptidis and cortex phellodendri chinensis applied by National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products are used to construct the fingerprintatlas. After analyzing the differences of two fingerprints, the characteristic wave bands are obtained. Take 1 g of rhizoma coptidis powder and cortex phellodendri chinensis powder respectively, and mix them. The spectral images of mixed powder are captured. The spectral images are reconstructed with band ratio method and classified with threshold method. The technology realizes the identification of mixed powder and obtains the spatial distribution of samples. The results show that the spectral imaging analysis technology can resolve the problem of TCM powder adulteration and that the testing process is nondestructive and rapid.