The study chooses 1128 China time-honored brand (CTHB) as the research object, and applies the average nearest neighbor index, nuclear density analysis, unbalanced index, spatial auto-correlation analysis and hot spot analysis model. With the help of ArcGIS software, the spatial distribution density, regional differentiation characteristics, equilibrium situation and spatial auto-correlation of time-honored Chinese brand are analyzed. On this basis, the industrial structure characteristics of CTHB are systematically sorted out, and the patterns and characteristics of spatial differentiation are revealed. Finally, the paper reveals the inner influence mechanism by using the methods of geographic contact rate, vector data buffer analysis and correlation analysis. Results showed that: (1) CTHB space differentiation presents an obvious core-edge structure, namely, one high density area, one sub-high density area and multiple high concentrated areas. CTHB has mainly concentrated in the developed economy since modern times, which has a high degree of market opening in northern China, eastern coastal areas, open seaports, provincial capitals, arterial road network cores, and parasitic shaped agglomeration. (2) CTHB is not randomly distributed in space, but presents significant spatial auto-correlation. The distribution of CTHB shows a pattern of "agglomeration and spindle", and the polarization phenomenon is prominent. (3) The cold and hot spots of CTHB show a gradient pattern of "hotspots - sub-hotspots - sub-coldspots - cold spots" from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river plain to the northern and southern China. (4) The distribution of CTHB in wine, medicine and catering services shows a pattern of "regional agglomeration and industrial clustering". The distribution of other CTHB in different regions of the country is characterized by "regional balance and industrial diversification". (5) The spatial differentiation pattern and type structure characteristics of CTHB are the result of the combined effect and interaction of multiple production and consumption factors such as resource endowment and development foundation, regional tradition and social change, economic development and consumption market, as well as cultural tourism and consumption demand. Based on this, this paper puts forward suggestions from the aspects of space management, overall development, optimal allocation of resource elements, inheritance and innovation.