Fig. 1. Schematic of laser cladding

Fig. 2. Growth schematic of dendrite in solid tip grid

Fig. 3. Grid distribution and boundary conditions of computational domain

Fig. 4. Schematic of computation domain evolution in laser cladding process

Fig. 5. Evolution of temperature field during laser cladding. (a)(c) Dynamic solute redistribution coefficient solidification model; (d)(f) constant solute redistribution coefficient solidification model

Fig. 6. Molten pool morphologies during laser cladding (t＝2.1 s). (a) Dynamic solute redistribution coefficient solidification model; (b) constant solute redistribution coefficient solidification model; (c) experimental molten pool morphology

Fig. 7. Schematic of solute redistribution coefficient during non-equilibrium solidification

Fig. 8. Simulated flow field distribution (t＝2.1 s). (a) Dynamic solute redistribution coefficient solidification model; (b) constant solute redistribution coefficient solidification model

Fig. 9. Simulated Cr element distribution. (a) Dynamic solute redistribution coefficient solidification model; (b) constant solute redistribution coefficient solidification model; (c) metallographic microstructure of samples; (d) point 　　locations in y direction for EDS analysis; (e) point locations in x direction for EDS analysis

Fig. 10. Comparison of simulated and experimental Cr element distributions in y direction. (a) Dynamic solute redistribution coefficient solidification model; (b) constant solute redistribution coefficient solidification model

Fig. 11. Error between Cr mass fractions simulated by two models and experimental data

Fig. 12. Comparison between Cr mass fractions in x direction simulated by two models and experimental data

Table 1. Chemical composition of 45 steel and 316L stainless steel powder

Table 2. Thermophysical parameters used in numerical simulation^[22-24]

Table 3. Predicted cladding layer height and molten pool depth by the two model at different time points