[1] Segev M, Crosignani B, Yariv A et al.. Spatial solitons in photorefractive media. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1992, 68(7):923～926

[2] Maufoy J, Fressengeas N, Wolfersberger D et al.. Simulation of the temporal behavior of soliton propagation in photorefractive media. Phys. Rev. (E), 1999, 59(5): 6116～6121

[3] She W L, Lee K K, Lee W K. All optical quasi-steady-state photorefractive spatial solitons. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2000, 85(12):2498～2501

[5] Castillo M D I, Aguilar P A M, Sanchez-Mondragon J J et al.. Spatial soliton in photorefractive Bi12TiO20 with drift mechanism of nonlinearity. Appl. Phys. Lett., 1994, 64(4):408～410

[6] Segev M, Valley G C, Crosignani B et al.. Steady-state spatial soliton in photorefractive material with external applied field. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1994, 73(24):3211～3214

[7] Segev M, Vally G C, Bashaw M C et al.. Photovoltaic spatial solitons. J. Opt. Soc. Am. (B), 1997, 14(7):1772～1781

[9] Valley G C, Segev M, Crosignani B et al.. Dark and bright photovoltaic spatial solitons. Phys. Rev. (A), 1994, 50(6):R4457～R4460

[10] Taya M, Bashaw M C, Fejer M M et al.. Observation of dark photovoltaic spatial solitons. Phys. Rev. (A), 1995, 52(4):3095～3100

[11] She W L, Lee K K, Lee W K. Observation of two-dimensional bright photorefractive spatial solitons. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1999, 83(16) 3182～3185

[14] She W L, Chan C W, Lee W K. Dark and bright photovoltaic spatial solitons in photorefractive crystals with positive refractive-index perturbation. Opt. Lett., 2001, 26(14):1093～1095

[22] Meerholz K, Volodin B L, Sandalphon et al.. A photorefractive polymer with high optical gain and diffraction efficiency near 100%. Nature, 1994, 371(6492):497～500

[23] Liphardt M, Goonesekera A, Jones B E et al.. High-performance photorefractive polymers. Science, 1994, 263(5140):367～369

[24] Ducharme S, Scott J C, Twieg R J et al.. Observation of the photorefractive effect in a polymer. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1991, 66(14):1846～1849

[25] Donckers M C J M, Silence S M, Walsh C A et al.. Net two-beam-coupling gain in a polymeric photorefractive material. Opt. Lett., 1993, 18(13):1044～1046

[26] Moerner W E, Silence S M. Polymeric photorefractive materials. Chem. Rev., 1994, 94(1):127～155

[27] Moerner W E, Silence S M, Hache F et al.. Orientationally enhanced photorefractive effect in polymers. J. Opt. Soc. Am. (B), 1994, 11(2):320～330

[28] Moylan C R, Wortmann R, Twieg R J et al.. Improved characterization of chromophores for photorefractive application. J. Opt. Soc. Am. (B), 1998, 15(2):929～932

[29] Shih M F, Sheu F W. Photorefractive polymeric optical spatial solitons. Opt. Lett., 1999, 24(24):1853～1855

[32] Onsager L. Deviations from Ohm′s law in weak electrolytes. J. Chem. Phys., 1934, 2:599～615