Genes are carriers of genetic information and are important for understanding biological phenomena at the molecular level. In recent years, the efficient detection of genes and the research in gene-related fields have attracted great attention. The common molecular biological method adopted for genetic testing is a laboratory test. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) real-time characterization technology has gradually played a significant advantage in gene detection, identification, and analysis. Raman spectroscopy is a progressive bioactive molecular sensor based on photochemical technology. This paper reviewed the progress of research on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of gene analysis in recent years. The potential application of gene analysis in the biological field is speculated. In the 1970s, the discovery and confirmation of the SERS phenomenon rekindled the research of Raman spectroscopy. Since the SERS technique is not interfered with by water, it possesses advantages such as high sensitivity、high selectivity、a large amount of information, and the ability to study the structure of aqueous solution substances, SERS can provide abundant structural information for organisms quickly and accurately, which is the "fingerprint" information of molecules. It has been widely employed in the in-situ non-destructive detection of target samples, amongst others. It improves the efficiency of R&D and production． SERS has developed rapidly in gene analysis and has become a hot topic at home and abroad, which shows unique value and role． In this paper, the principle and classification of Raman spectroscopy are briefly introduced by analyzing the characteristics of Raman spectroscopy combined with the structural characteristics of genes, Focusing on the principle of SERS scattering, the enhancement mode of Raman spectral signal amplification and the enhancement of substrate materials and beacons, ways to solve the problems of low content detection difficulty, low sensitivity, complex signal, poor selectivity and specificity, and poor signal reproducibility and stability is analyzed; In recent years, SERS technology has rapidly developed in the field of gene analysis, displaying a unique potential application prospect and becoming a subject of academic scrutiny worldwide. This paper reviews the development and application of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in biosensors and bioimaging. The exploration of SERS in molecular structure and mechanism of action is elaborated. The application of SERS technology combined with the latest biotechnology in gene analysis is simultaneously classified and discussed. The latest progress of SERS gene analysis technology in disease diagnosis, pathogen detection, drug analysis, and transgenic identification has been discussed and reviewed through the investigation and analysis of related literature. The article also summarizes the opportunities and challenges SERS technology faces in its practical application, briefly analyzes its existing problems, and explores surface-enhanced technologys development direction and potential in biotechnology. The paper concludes with speculation about the development of SERS technology.