Laser shock is a new surface modification technology for metal material by irradiating them with high power pulsed laser. The laser shock contrast experiments are carried out on three typical metallic structural materials, aluminum, titanium and stainless steel with water bound layer and mark pen coating as protective layer. The damage characteristics of the three metallic structural materials are obtained under high laser shock, and the relationship between the number of laser shock and pit depth on the metal samples is analyzed quantitatively. Results show that the dent depth and impact times show a linear relationship, and the slope is inversely proportional to the yield strength of metal materials. To explore the effect of laser shock spot morphology on metallic material damage, the impact situation of square and circular spots are compared. Test data show that the surface damage morphology of the specimen is consistent with the spot, and damage caused by the circular spot is more serious.