The jitter caused by onboard motion components is an important factor affecting the quality of ultra-high-resolution and super-maneuverability imaging. Given that it is difficult to conduct accurate operational detection and identification of the jitter signal, this paper proposes a jitter detection method based on rolling shutter CMOS imaging for space cameras and verifies and evaluates the method with digital orthophoto map/digital elevation model (DOM/DEM) data by using high-frequency angular displacement and high-precision reference. A Gaofen satellite launched in 2020 is discussed as an example. The analysis results show that the proposed detection method can effectively identify the jitter characteristics in the imaging process of space cameras, and the jitter frequency is mainly concentrated at about 156 Hz. The relative geometric accuracy of panchromatic images after compensation is improved by about 1.2 pixel.