The commonly used chemical methods result in the destruction of the fingerprint samples; therefore, an optical ultraviolet imaging method is proposed in this study. Further, a mathematical model of the relationship between the radiance ratio and the fingerprint retention time in different ultraviolet bands is derived based on the relative concentration relation between amino acids and urea and the scattering spectral curve theory. In addition, we have developed an ultraviolet multispectral imaging device to perform the lossless fingerprint extraction in three ultraviolet bands. An inversion analysis of the digital number (DN) values of the different-band fingerprint images is conducted to obtain the relationship between the ratio among DN values in different bands and the fingerprint retention time. The experimental results denote that the ratio among the DN values in different ultraviolet bands is only related with time and not with the individual fingerprint difference. Moreover, the expression of the fingerprint aging curve fitting is consistent with that provided in the derived mathematical model, and the feasibility of the usage of ultraviolet multipass spectral imaging for conducting the fingerprint retention time evaluation is verified, which provides an important analysis method for performing the non-destructive fingerprint aging evaluation.