In order to study the effects of laser shock peening (LSP) on surface quality and property of copper, Nd∶YAG lasers is used to treat copper samples by laser shock peening. The experimental results show that, when the polymer black tape is used as the absorption layer, there are no defects on the surface morphology of sample. With the increase of the overlap rate, the maximum hardness increases and the surface roughness decreases. The effects on the affected layer depth and the maximum hardness of sample caused by the overlapped and the staggered shock ways of two shocks are similar. The simulation results show that the staggered shock way can enhance the residual compressive stress of sample.