Pears which suffer from the main physiological disease as blackheart directly affected the export of pears, so fast and accurate identification of blackheart pears for pear export is of practical significance. Vis/NIR spectroscopy combining new online technique was proposed to identify exterior and interior properties of objects in the present study. The purpose of this paper is to have a research on the feasibility of using visible/near-infrared diffuse transmission spectrum on-line detector to detect blackheart pears. 80 normal pears and 70 pears in disease are taked as modeling set. All samples were divided into the calibration set and prediction set for developing optimal results and assessing their performance. The visible/near-infrared diffuse transmission spectrum was collected under the speed of 5 pears per minute. Energy spectrum processed by the standard orthogonal transformation (SNV) and multiple scatter correction (MSC) respectively established the model of blackheart pears by partial least-squares discriminant model(DPLS) , peak area discriminant model (DPA) and PCA discriminant model(DPCA). 30 normal pears and 20 blackheart pears were taken as prediction set was used to evaluate the ability to predict. By comparison, the model of DPLS has the highest accuracy. All the blackheart pears were recognised correctly. The experiment shows that visible/near-infrared diffuse transmission spectrum with DPLS discriminant method realized the on-line detection of blackheart pears which provided technical support and reference for export trade of ‘Yali’ pear products. In comparison to destruction and time-consuming chemical methods, the results in the feasibility study may provide technical support and scientific reference in testing blackheart pears.