A novel polar coded subcarrier phase shift keying modulation method suitable for wireless optical communication system was proposed in this paper. Then their encoding and decoding procedures were presented for polar coding schemes over the atmospheric turbulence channels. By simulating the system performance under various atmospheric turbulence conditions, the bit error rate(BER) performance were compared between binary phase shift keying modulation with polar code(BPSK-PC) and quaternary phase shift keying modulation with polar code(QPSK-PC). The results show that the error correction performance of BPSK-PC system is better than that of QPSK-PC system. Finally, the experimental BER performance of the subcarrier phase shift keying modulation with and without polar code were conducted and analyzed as well. The experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the BER performance with an order of magnitude, by using polar code in wireless communication system together with subcarrier phase shift keying modulation.