Author Affiliations
School of Mechatronics and Vehicle Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Flow chart of mid-infrared detection model for determining methanol content of methanol gasoline
Fig. 2. Original mid-infrared spectra of gasoline and absolute methanol. (a) Mid-infrared spectrum of gasoline; (b) mid-infrared spectrum of absolute methanol
Fig. 3. Original mid-infrared spectra of methanol gasoline with different methanol volume fractions
Fig. 4. Band selected by UVE method. (a) Band selection in full spectrum; (b) band points selected in full spectrum
Fig. 5. Wavelength variable screening based on CARS algorithm. (a) Number of variables versus sampling times; (b) RMSECV value versus sampling times; (c) regression coefficient versus sampling times
Fig. 6. Band points selected by CARS method within full spectrum
Fig. 7. Frequency of each wavelength being selected
Fig. 8. RMSECV varying with number of variables
Fig. 9. Scatter plots of methanol content in methanol gasoline predicted by CARS-PLS model. (a) Calibration set; (b) prediction set
Data set | N | Minimum /% | Maximum /% | Mean /% | RSD /% |
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Total | 120 | 0.60 | 18.60 | 9.41 | 5.37 | Calibration | 90 | 0.60 | 18.60 | 9.43 | 5.25 | Prediction | 30 | 0.60 | 18.60 | 9.33 | 5.45 |
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Table 1. Methanol volume fractions of samples in calibration and prediction sets
Pretreatmentmethod | PC | Rc | RMSEC | Rp | RMSEP |
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Original | 9 | 0.981 | 1.029 | 0.933 | 1.925 | S-G | 13 | 0.997 | 0.375 | 0.944 | 1.772 | MSC | 10 | 0.996 | 0.450 | 0.940 | 1.843 | SNV | 3 | 0.962 | 1.440 | 0.873 | 2.871 |
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Table 2. Calibration effect of PLS corrected by middle infrared spectra of methanol gasoline
Method | Number of wavelengths | PC | Rc | RMSEC | Rp | RMSEP |
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PLS | 1557 | 13 | 0.997 | 0.375 | 0.944 | 1.772 | UVE-PLS | 135 | 10 | 0.972 | 1.232 | 0.948 | 1.777 | CARS-PLS | 118 | 9 | 0.994 | 0.563 | 0.978 | 1.177 | GA-PLS | 130 | 11 | 0.983 | 0.994 | 0.956 | 1.527 |
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Table 3. Comparison of calibration effects of different wavelength screening methods combined with PLS method