The poplar powder was acetylated with different duration as sample, processed ray radiation by using ultraviolet test box, contrasting the influences to lightfastness of wood with different acetylation degree, analyzing changing rules of characteristic peaks’ intensity which belonged to the chemistry components of samples based on FTIR spectra, and the relationship between duration of acetylation and changes of chemistry components was established, The results showed that: Before UV radiation, the characteristic peaks’ intensity of acetylated poplar powder at 1 739 cm-1 which belonged to CO in saturated esters compounds and 1 385 cm-1 which belonged to C—H in acetate were higher than untreated ones’, the poplar powder with 40 min’s acetylation has the highest characteristic peaks’ intensity, highest weight gain rate, remarkable acetylation effect; After UV radiation, characteristic peaks’ intensity of Benzene at 1 504 cm-1 which belonged to lignin of poplar powder was obviously higher than untreated ones’, and characteristic peaks’ intensity of poplar powder with 40 min’s acetylation was the highest, this showed that acetylation could effectively reduce the light degradation of wood chemistry components, in order to improve the lightfastness, especially the poplar powder with 40 min’s acetylation; SEM photos showed that, the fibrous surface of acetylated poplar powder was more smooth and had more narrow particle size than untreated ones’, so acetylation can effectively improve the stability of wood.