Author Affiliations
1College of Software, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China2Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of filament-induced fluorescence spectrum (FIFS) collection spectrum device
Fig. 2. Photo of aerosol generator
Fig. 3. Photo of cloud chamber
Fig. 4. FIFS of NaCl aerosol
Fig. 5. Spectra of single preprocessing methods. (a) SG; (b) FFT; (c) SNV; (d) MSC; (e) MF; (f) FD; (g) SD; (h) DWT
Fig. 6. Spectra of 15010-6 NaCl before processing of SOP
Fig. 7. Spectra of 15010-6 NaCl after processing of SOP
Fig. 8. Fitting scatter plots of PLSR prediction value for different preprocessing methods. (a) Original, FFT, SG; (b) MSC, SD, DWT; (c) FFT-SOP, SG-FD, SG-FFT-SD; (d) MF-SG-FFT, MF-SG-FFT-DWT, MF-SG-FFT-SOP; (e) MSC-MF-SG-FFT, MSC-FFT-MF-SG, MSC-MF-SG-FFT-DWT; (f) MSC-MF-SG-FFT-SOP, SNV-SG-FFT-FD, SNV-MF-SG-FFT-DWT
No. | Preprocessing method |
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1 | Original | 2 | SG | 3 | FFT | 4 | MSC | 5 | SD | 6 | DWT | 7 | FFT-SOP | 8 | SG-FD | 9 | SG-FFT-SD | 10 | MF-SG-FFT | 11 | MF-SG-FFT-DWT | 12 | MF-SG-FFT-SOP | 13 | MSC-MF-SG-FFT | 14 | MSC-FFT-MF-SG | 15 | MSC-MF-SG-FFT-DWT | 16 | MSC-MF-SG-FFT-SOP | 17 | SNV-SG-FFT-FD | 18 | SNV-MF-SG-FFT-DWT |
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Table 1. Combinations of spectral preprocessing methods
No. | Peak position /nm | SOP |
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1 | 590 | 0.8 | 2 | 499 | 0.7 | 3 | 542 | 0.7 | 4 | 549 | 0.7 | 5 | 518 | 0.6 | 6 | 480 | 0.5 | 7 | 492 | 0.5 | 8 | 511 | 0.5 | 9 | 551 | 0.5 | 10 | 569 | 0.5 | 11 | 496 | 0.3 | 12 | 594 | 0.3 | 13 | 616 | 0.3 | 14 | 620 | 0.3 | 15 | 628 | 0.3 |
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Table 2. Peak positions and significance of peak (SOP)
Preprocessing method | SNR | RMSE |
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Original | 25.369 | 0.163 | SG | 37.002 | 0.127 | FFT | 38.698 | 0.121 | MSC | 26.632 | 0.166 | SD | 11.879 | 0.631 | DWT | 2.432 | 0.139 | FFT-SOP | 42.427 | 0.031 | SG-FD | 7.410 | 0.408 | SG-FFT-SD | 6.677 | 0.453 | MF-SG-FFT | 38.920 | 0.111 | MF-SG-FFT-DWT | 6.946 | 0.169 | MF-SG-FFT-SOP | 41.873 | 0.030 | MSC-MF-SG-FFT | 44.180 | 0.110 | MSC-FFT-MF-SG | 44.351 | 0.106 | MSC-MF-SG-FFT-DWT | 6.889 | 0.172 | MSC-MF-SG-FFT-SOP | 46.630 | 0.030 | SNV-SG-FFT-FD | 6.691 | 0.451 | SNV-MF-SG-FFT-DWT | 5.673 | 0.167 |
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Table 3. Combinations of preprocessing methods
Pretreatment method | R2 | RPD | RMSEP |
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Original | 0.540 | 1.474 | 0.259 | SG | 0.524 | 1.450 | 0.263 | FFT | 0.492 | 1.403 | 0.272 | MSC | 0.896 | 3.105 | 0.123 | SD | 0.854 | 2.622 | 0.145 | DWT | 0.947 | 4.353 | 0.088 | FFT-SOP | 0.879 | 2.873 | 0.133 | SG-FD | 0.843 | 2.520 | 0.151 | SG-FFT-SD | 0.794 | 2.205 | 0.173 | MF-SG-FFT | 0.466 | 1.369 | 0.279 | MF-SG-FFT-DWT | 0.923 | 3.602 | 0.106 | MF-SG-FFT-SOP | 0.936 | 3.963 | 0.096 | MSC-MF-SG-FFT | 0.847 | 2.556 | 0.149 | MSC-FFT-MF-SG | 0.847 | 2.558 | 0.149 | MSC-MF-SG-FFT-DWT | 0.901 | 3.179 | 0.120 | MSC-MF-SG-FFT-SOP | 0.955 | 4.712 | 0.081 | SNV-SG-FFT-FD | 0.649 | 1.689 | 0.226 | SNV-MF-SG-FFT-DWT | 0.821 | 2.363 | 0.161 |
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Table 4. Prediction results of PLSR models under different preprocessing methods