Amplified anti-Stokes Raman spontaneous backscattering phenomena has been observed in single mode fiber, during input laser power is large than threshold power. In experiment it is discovered, the temperature effect of the amplified anti-Stokes Raman spontaneous backscattering is excised as some as anti-Stokes Raman spontaneous backscattering. The photon flux of amplified anti-Stokes Raman spontaneous backscattering is modulated by optical fiber temperature. The coherent noise of single mode fiber is restrained by the amplification effect of anti Stokes Raman backscattering, and the signal noise ratio of sensor system is improved. Experimental discover, the extremity point position on the amplified anti-Stokes Raman spontaneous backscattering space domain reflection curve is forward shifted with laser power raised, and obeys certain rule. The temperature effect of the amplified anti-Stokes Raman spontaneous backscattering has been applied to long range 30 km distributed optical fiber Raman temperature sensor system as a new principle of temperature measurement.