A synthetic error analysis approach is proposed in detail based on error source weight analysis and comparison of the star tracker using Monte Carlo method. It can avoid long and cumbersome theoretical derivation, which can provide error propagation relation of the star tracker intuitively and systematacially. The error propagation model can provide foundation and rule for optimization design, calibration and compensation of the star tracker. Simulation consequences prove that the systematic analysis is adequate and precise, which can provides important guarantee for design and manufacture of high accuracy star trackers.