In order to realize indoor test and evaluation of attitude measurement accuracy of range optical attitude measurement equipment, some research work has been done. The principle of intersection surveying the attitude of spatial axisymmetric target with photoelectric theodolites is introduced. The device is introduced to simulate the attitude of infinite object indoor, which is composed of measurement rack, collimator, light source, and targets with different angles. Precise mathematical model is established, which is relation with target attitude angle and azimuth and elevation of target feature points. Firstly, several feature points on the target are measured with high precision theodolite. Secondly, according to the above mathematical model, the target attitude is fitted by using the least square method, then, the target attitude angle is got. It has been proved that the calibration precision can reach 0.05°. Consider the calibration results as true value of the target attitude angle, dynamic measurements are performed on the same target by using photoelectric theodolite and attitude measurement error of the theodolite can be obtained in comparsion with two measurement results.