Author Affiliations
Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming , Yunnan 650093, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Mid infrared spectra of natural spinels
Fig. 2. Mid infrared spectra of flame-melting synthetic spinels
Fig. 3. Near infrared spectra of natural spinels
Fig. 4. Near infrared spectra of flame-melting synthetic spinels
Fig. 5. XRF spectra of natural spinels. (a) Sample N9; (b) sample N5
Fig. 6. XRF spectra of flame-melting synthetic spinels. (a) Sample S1; (b) sample S4
Fig. 7. Reflection spectra of natural spinels
Fig. 8. Reflection spectra of flame-melting synthetic spinels
Fig. 9. Raman spectrum of natural spinel
Fig. 10. Raman spectrum of flame-melting synthetic spinel
Fig. 11. Fitting curve of flame-melting natural spinel
Fig. 12. Fitting curve of flame-melting synthetic spinel
No. | Color | Refractive index | Ultraviolet fluorescence | Spectroscope | Morphology |
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N1 | Red | 1.718 | No | No | Clean inside | N2 | Purple | 1.718 | No | No | Clean inside | N3 | Blue | 1.712 | No | No | Healing fissure | N4 | Red | 1.718 | No | No | Clean inside | N5 | Purple | 1.71(±) | No | No | Healing fissure | N6 | Blue | 1.720 | No | No | Healing fissure | N7 | Pink | 1.720 | No | No | Colorless short columnar crystal inclusion | N8 | Pink | 1.720 | No | No | Clean inside | N9 | Rose | 1.720 | No | No | Clean inside | N10 | Blue | 1.712 | No | No | Clean inside | S1 | Blue | 1.728 | LW: no; SW: blue and white | Co | Curved growth pattern | S2 | Green | 1.728 | LW: no; SW: blue and white | Co | Curved growth pattern | S3 | White | 1.728 | LW: no; SW: blue and white | No | Curved growth pattern | S4 | Green | 1.728 | LW: no; SW: blue and white | Co | Clean inside | S5 | White | 1.728 | LW: no; SW: blue and white | No | Clean inside | S6 | Blue | 1.728 | LW: no; SW: blue and white | No | Clean inside |
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Table 1. Conventional gemological parameters of natural and synthetic spinels
Sample No. | FWHM/cm-1 |
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N1 | 13.8,12.5 | N2 | 11.3,11.3 | N3 | 12.0,13.4 | N4 | 10.7,10.0 | N5 | 11.4,10.8,11.9 | N6 | 10.7,11.7 | N7 | 10.4,10.8 | N8 | 10.4,12.0,11.6 | N9 | 13.3,14.3 | N10 | 10.6,11.9 | S1 | 13.9,7.4,7.7,2.8 | S2 | 2.9,3.7,5.3 | S3 | 6.9,3.0,8.8,6.8 | S4 | 5.5,3.5,4.3,4.0 | S5 | 1.3,4.6,3.9 | S6 | 5.0,2.1,3.8,7.7 |
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Table 2. FWHM of spinels
Item | Number of FWHM point | Average of FWHM | Bias of FWHM | Error of FWHM | Confidence interval | Minimum of FWHM | Maximum of FWHM |
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Lower limit | Upper limit |
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Natural spinel | 22 | 11.673 | 1.176 | 0.251 | 11.152 | 12.194 | 10.00 | 14.30 | Synthetic spinel | 22 | 5.223 | 2.792 | 0.595 | 3.985 | 6.461 | 1.30 | 13.90 | Total | 44 | 8.448 | 3.889 | 0.586 | 7.265 | 9.630 | 1.30 | 14.30 |
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Table 3. Descriptive statistics of natural spinel and flame-melting synthetic spinel
Item | Sum of squares | Degree of freedom | Mean square | F | Sig. |
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Interblock | 457.628 | 1 | 457.628 | 99.741 | 0 | Group | 192.702 | 42 | 4.588 | | | Total | 650.330 | 43 | | | |
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Table 4. ANOVA of natural spinel and flame-melting synthetic spinel