This paper proposes a scheme for high-efficiency collection of a single emitter using a tapered hollow waveguide probe. The collection efficiency of the single-emitter fluorescence by the tapered hollow waveguide probe is numerically simulated. When the single emitter is radially polarized and the probe is designed with the optimized geometrical dimensions, the maximum collection efficiency reaches 25.3%, which is generally higher than that of the traditional method using a lens with large numerical aperture. The average collection efficiency of the probe can reaches 21.7% for the single emitter with polarization in different directions, and the optimized working distance is 0.75 μm. Furthermore, the collection efficiency and working distance of the probe for the single-emitter fluorescence are not sensitive to the wavelength of the light emitted by the single emitter, so the probe can be used for high-efficiency detection of all kinds of particles with different wavelengths and luminous particles with very broad optical spectra. The probe has a micron-sized diameter and is easily combined with other micro/nano structures. Therefore, the probe can efficiently detect many types of emitters, such as a single atom, single molecule, quantum dots, diamond color center, and other particles. The probe is also expected to detect chemical and biological micro-luminescent bodies.