Microscopic Raman Spectroscopy for Diagnosing Roots in Apple Rootstock Under Heavy Metal Copper Stress

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Fig. 1. Microsection of root in apple stock

Fig. 2. Raman spectrum average graph

Fig. 3. (a) Mean Raman spectrum; (b) preprocessed image of mean Raman spectrum

Fig. 4. Intensity map of Raman signal in four kinds of band

Fig. 5. Single-band Raman peak imaging at root tissue of apple rootstock

Fig. 6. (a) SVM Optimization parameters; (b) SVM model

Parameters	Spectral resolution/cm^-1	Spectral region/cm^-1	Maximum of laser power/mW	Laser power research/mW	Exposure time/s	Scanning times	Microscope magnification
Values	1	50~3 000	30	27.1	0.1	2	10

Table 1. The main parameters of Raman spectrometer for collecting spectral data

Contents	0 mg·L^-1	6 mg·L^-1	12 mg·L^-1	18 mg·L^-1	24 mg·L^-1
0 mg·L^-1	13	0	0	0	0
6 mg·L^-1	0	16	1	0	0
12 mg·L^-1	0	0	5	0	0
18 mg·L^-1	0	0	1	7	0
24 mg·L^-1	0	0	0	0	7

Table 2. PLS-DA discriminant result confusion matrix

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