Using Müller matrix and Stokes parameter, theoretical calculation formulas for characteristic parameters of the quartz optical filter based on optical rotatory dispersion effect were deduced from the filter's transmission equation. The formulas show that the characteristic parameters have direct relationships with the stage number of the filter and the thinnest quartz's thickness. The filter characteristics of the one-, two-, and three-stage quartz optical filter at different main transmission peaks were calculated and proved by experiment. The filter characteristics were compared and the result shows that as the wavelength increases, the filter’s free spectral range and full width at half maximum at different peaks increase, and the full width at half maximum at the same peaks decreases with the filter's stage, number.