In order to study the aerosol multiple scattering effect on the transmission characteristics of polarized light in the region, we retrieve the microphysical optical parameters of the aerosol, including optical thickness, complex refractive index, particle spectrum distribution, through the inversion of the measured data from the CE318 solar spectrometer. The influence of the complex refractive index of particles, the effective radius of particle swarm and the polarization state of incident light on the transmission characteristics is analyzed through the Monte Carlo vector radiative transfer model. The results show that the transmission characteristics of the smaller particles are more sensitive to the real part change of the complex refractive index. In addition, with the increase of the imaginary part of the complex refractive index, as an important factor affecting the characteristics of radiation transmission, the absorption is stronger and the transmission characteristics is worse. If the effective radius of the particle group is larger, the transmittance of the light wave will be lower and the reflection rate will be higher. The polarization state of the incident light has little influence on the transmission characteristics. Compare to the other types of polarized light, the transmission and reflection rate of horizontally polarized light are greatly affected by the incident angle.