Abstract
1 Introduction
With the development of laser technology[
Radiation pressure acceleration (RPA)[
In this paper, the proton beam is prevented from moving together with the laser–plasma interface during the entire acceleration process, which may intrinsically reduce the development of detrimental instabilities. Here, a single reflection mechanism is used to stably accelerate the proton beam by optimally designing the multilayer target (the proton layer is set between two carbon ion layers). Such a multilayer target is totally different from previous cases[
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2 Model and simulation
First, we review the traditional RPA process in a one-dimensional simulation to help us to design the target in the single reflection mechanism (SRM). A circularly polarized laser arrives at the target at
Initially, the protons lag behind the compressed electron layer because the proton mass
Then, the multilayer target is designed to ensure that the middle proton layer can be selectively accelerated. According to Figure
Based on Equations (
Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations are carried out to verify the theoretical expectations of the single reflection mechanism. A multilayer target is designed as shown in Figure
Figure
It should be noted that the proton layer has a greatly reduced probability of moving together with the laser–plasma interface in this case, as can clearly be seen from Figures
The accelerations of the proton layers in the different regions are compared to verify the optimum conditions for the single reflection mechanism, shown in Figure
3 Discussion
In the future, the development of 10 PW, and even 100 PW, laser systems[
It should be noted that the efficiency of proton acceleration only in the HB stage seems lower, compared to the previous PRA process including the LS stage[
4 Conclusion
In conclusion, a proton layer with pure spectra can be successfully accelerated once to hundreds of MeV only during the HB stage. The proton beam has a reduced probability of moving together with the laser–plasma interface during the entire acceleration process. In this manner, some multidimensional instabilities, such as Rayleigh–Taylor-like instability and Weibel-like instability, can be reduced to a certain extent. This provides a feasible method to realize proton therapy and other applications using multi-PW laser system in the future.
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