• Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
  • Vol. 58, Issue 17, 1706008 (2021)
Hao Xu, Xudong Wang*, and Nan Wu
Author Affiliations
  • Information Science Technology College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian , Liaoning 116026, China
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    DOI: 10.3788/LOP202158.1706008 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Hao Xu, Xudong Wang, Nan Wu. Indoor Visible Light Fingerprint Positioning Scheme Based on Convolution Neural Network[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2021, 58(17): 1706008 Copy Citation Text show less
    Visible light positioning system model
    Fig. 1. Visible light positioning system model
    CNN model
    Fig. 2. CNN model
    Effects of various optimizers on positioning performance with different learning rates
    Fig. 3. Effects of various optimizers on positioning performance with different learning rates
    Spatial distribution of positioning error
    Fig. 4. Spatial distribution of positioning error
    Histogram of positioning error probability
    Fig. 5. Histogram of positioning error probability
    Comparison of training errors in different network models
    Fig. 6. Comparison of training errors in different network models
    Comparison of positioning errors in different network models
    Fig. 7. Comparison of positioning errors in different network models
    Comparison of CDF in different network models
    Fig. 8. Comparison of CDF in different network models
    Positing results of proposed method
    Fig. 9. Positing results of proposed method
    Comparison of positioning errors in different methods
    Fig. 10. Comparison of positioning errors in different methods
    Comparison of CDF in different methods
    Fig. 11. Comparison of CDF in different methods
    Reference pointCoordinateReceived signal strength
    1x1y1p11p12p13p14
    2x2y2p21p22p23p24
    3x3y3p31p32p33p34
    NxNyNpN1pN2pN3pN4
    Table 1. Fingerprint database
    ParameterValueParameterValue
    Transmitted optical power(Pt)/W1Absolute temperature(TK)/K300
    Fied of view(FOV)/(°)60Dark current(Ibg)/μA5100
    Semi-angle at half power(φ1/2)/(°)70Open-circuit voltage gain(G10
    Refractive index1.5FET transconductance(gm)/mS30
    Wall reflectivity(ρ)/%80Noise bandwidth factor(I20.562
    Gain of optical filter1Noise bandwidth factor(I30.0868
    Modulation bandwidth(B)/MHz100Noise factor(Γ1.5
    Table 2. Parameters used in channel simulation
    Location algorithmMax location errorAverage location error
    CNN25.0210.13
    Trilateral method82.0328.57
    SVM46.2217.41
    Decision tree42.4317.79
    Table 3. Comparison of positioning errors in different methods
    Hao Xu, Xudong Wang, Nan Wu. Indoor Visible Light Fingerprint Positioning Scheme Based on Convolution Neural Network[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2021, 58(17): 1706008
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