Research progress of dislocation of YAG crystal

Rui ZHANG; Dajiang MEI; Xiaotu SHI; Rongguo MA; Qingli ZHANG; Renqin DOU; Wenpeng LIU

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-5461.2022.05.002

[1] Linares R C. Growth of garnet laser crystals[J]. Solid State Communications, 1964, 2(8): 229-231.

[3] Johnson L F, Geusic J E,Uitert L V. Coherent Oscillationsfrom Tm3+, Ho3+, Yb3+ and Er3+ ions in yttrium aluminum garnet[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 1965, 7(5): 127-129.

[4] Guo H X. Research on Growth Mechanism and Properties of Plate Nd:YAG Crystal Grown by HDS Method[D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2013.

[6] Crystal Physics Group, Nanking University. The formation of lattice defects during the growth of crystals[J]. Journal of Nanjing University (NaturalScience), 1974, 10(1): 37-53.

[8] Bai F Z, Gu G C, Yan S H, et al. Growth of large sized Nd:YAG single crystals by MF heating CZ method[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 1987, 16(1): 54-58.

[10] Ge C Z, Xu X Y, Feng D. The needle-like stress zones and dislocations due to constitutional supercooling in czochralski method-grown YAGsingle crystals[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 1981, 30(2): 218-223.

[13] Deng P Z, Qiao J W, Qian Z Y. Study of defects in Nd:YAG crystals by laser light scattering tomography[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 1987, 15(2): 168-174.

[14] Deng P Z, Hu B. Investigation of dislocation properties and motion in YAG by means of X-ray transmission topography with AgKa radiation[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 1988, 8(7): 625-630.

[15] Lu M H, Huang Z X, Xia H P, et al. Factor of contributing defect of YAG:Nd crystals grown by TGT[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 1991, 20(Sup 1): 369.

[16] Yang P Z, Xu J, Deng P Z, et al. Growth of Yb:YAG crystal and its laser performance[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 1998, 27(3): 229-232.

[17] Yang P Z, Deng P Z, Yin Z W, et al. Study on growth defects and dislocation propagationin Yb:YAG[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2000, 29(4): 399-403.

[18] Yin H B, Deng P Z, Zhang J Z, et al. Color center in YAG crystal[J] Acta Optica Sinica, 1998, 18(2): 247-249.

[19] Xu X D, Zhao Z W, Zhao G J, et al. Growth of large-sized Yb:YAG crystals by temperature gradient technique (TGT)[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2003, 32(3): 185-188.

[20] Xu X D, Zhao Z W, Zhao G J, et al. Comparison of CZ and TGT grown Yb:YAG crystals[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2003, 32(4): 306-309.

[22] Song P X, Zhao Z W, Xu X D, et al. Defectstudy of Tm: YAG crystal[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2005, 20(4): 869-874.

[23] Zhang Xuejian. Study on Yb:YAG Laser Materials[D]. Changchun: Changchun University of Science and Technology, 2009.

[24] Li Z, Liu B, Wang J M, et al. Mechanism of intrinsic point defects and oxygen diffusion in yttrium aluminum garnet: First-principles investigation[J]. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2012, 95(11): 3628-3633.

[25] Nie Y. Research on Growth and Annealing Discoloration Mechanism of Yb:YAG Crystal by HDS Method[D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2014.

[26] Guo Y W, Huang J Q, Quan J L. Growth and defects of large size Nd, Ce:YAG laser crystal[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2021, 50(2): 244-247, 252.

[28] Huang J Q, Quan J L. Improving the quality of large size Nd:YAG crystal[J]. Shandong Chemical Industry, 2015, 44(9): 18-19.

[29] Zhou G P. DFT Theoretical Study on the Intermolecular Interaction of Phosphoric Acid and Water[D]. Guiyang: Guizhou University, 2006.

[30] Wang Z B, Zhang Q L, Yin S T, et al. Study on dislocation of Ce3+:YAG crystal[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2005, 34(5): 861-864.

[31] Arsenev P A, Baranov B A, Klinchikov S A. Studies of dislocations in single crystals of alumo-yttrium garnet (YAG)[J]. Kristall Und Technik, 1974, 9(3): 257-264.

[32] Xu X Y, Ge C Z. The crystallographic relationship of dislocations etch pits in YAG crystals[J]. Journal of Nanjing University (Natural Sciences), 1981, 17(4): 457-464, 432.

[33] Deng P Z, Qiao J W, Qian Z Y. Influence of dislocation in YAG:Nd crystal on laser characteristics[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 1982, 2(3): 259-269.

[34] Zeng G P, Cao Y H, Yin S T. Defeats in doped YAG crystal[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 1999, 28(4): 354-358.

[35] Han Z Y, Sun D L, Zhang H L, et al. Investigation on the growth and properties of six garnet single crystals with large lattice constants[J]. Crystal Research and Technology, 2021, 56(5): 2000221.

[36] Sun J, Li C L, Yu W S, et al. Study on Nd:YAG crystal dislocation by chemical etching method[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2009, 38(6): 1320-1323.

[37] Kostic S, Lazarevic Z Z, Radojevic V, et al. Study of structural and optical properties of YAG and Nd:YAG single crystals[J]. Materials Research Bulletin, 2015, 63: 80-87.

[38] Zang C H. Research of Yb:YAG Crystal Growth and Its Properties[D]. Changchun: Changchun University of Science and Technology, 2004.

[39] Quan J L, Xie Z W, Yang Y Z, et al. Observation of dislocation etch pits in laser crystal by scanning electron microscopy[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2009, 38(4): 1004-1007.

[40] Kumar J, Thirumavalavan M, Gnanam F D, et al. Growth and microscopic studies of yttrium aluminium garnet single crystals[J]. Crystal Research and Technology, 1987, 22(2): 189-192.

[42] Karato S, Wang Z, Fujino K. High-temperature creep of yttrium-aluminium garnet single crystals[J]. Journal of Materials Science, 1994, 29(24): 6458-6462.

[43] Sun H J, Liang Z R, Zhai Q Y. Stress birefringence of dislocation bundle in Nd:YAG single crystal[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 1987, 15(1): 69-78.

[44] Quan J L, Xie Z W, Yang Y Z, et al. Study on the cracking and defects of Nd:YAG laser crystal[J]. Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2010, 27(3): 270-275.

[46] Wang Y B, Uchida T, Westferro F, et al. High-pressure X-ray tomography microscope: Synchrotron computed microtomography at high pressure and temperature[J]. Review of Scientific Instruments, 2005, 76(7): 073709.

[47] Ikesue A, Aung Y L, Taira T, et al. Progress in ceramic lasers[J]. Annual Review of Materials Research, 2006, 36: 397-429.

[48] Mai Z H, Ge P W, Cui S F, et al. The observation on defects in YAG single crystal by X-ray transmission topography[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 1981, 30(7): 999-1004.

[50] Zhang M. Synchrotron Radiation White-light Topographic Study of Crystal Defects in Synthetic Diamond[D]. Qinhuangdao: Yanshan University, 2008.

[51] Yang C Z, Newsam J M. Structural studies of materials using synchrotron X-radiation[J]. Progress in Physics, 1992, 12(2): 129-167.

[52] Jiang J H. Applications of synchrotron radiation X-ray topography in the research of defects and crystal growth[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2000, 29 (Sup 1): 234.

[53] Ge C Z. Optical microscopic images of defects in transparent crystals[J]. Progress in Physics, 1993, 13 (Sup 1): 181-189.

[54] Deng P Z, Zhang S D, Wang H B, et al. Self-decorated dislocation in Nd-doped YAG crystals[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 1979, 7(3): 183-189, 277-282.

[56] Ge C Z, Ling L, Wang M, et al. Birefringence images of screw dislocations viewed end-on in GGG and YAG crystals[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 1986, 35(2): 188-195, 287-289.

[58] Xiao S L. Study on Stress Induced Birefringence Measurement with Cavity Ringdown Technique[D]. Chengdu: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2020.

[59] Shiu-Ying S, Zhoun-Zhung K, Duan F. A study of dislocations and inclusions in Yttrium Aluminum Garnet crystals with birefringence topography[J]. Le Journal De Physique Colloques, 1980, 41(C6): C6-186.

[60] Qiao J W, Deng P Z, Qian Z Y, et al. Observation of undecorated dislocations in Nd:YAG crystals by light scattering tomography[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 1987, 16(1): 69-74.

[61] Deng P Z, Qiao J W, Hu B. Study on defects in Nd:YAG crystals by darkfield and phase contrast microscopy[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 1988, 8(7): 636-642.

[62] Ling Y, Zhong J L, Tang X S, et al. The principle and application of scanning electron microscope[J]. Shandong Chemical Industry, 2018, 47(9): 78-79.

[63] Alahraché S, Deschamps M, Lambert J, et al. Crystallization of Y2O3-Al2O3 rich glasses: Synthesis of YAG glass-ceramics[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2011, 115(42): 20499-20506.

[64] Eakins D E, Held M, Norton M G, et al. A study of fracture and defects in single crystal YAG[J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2004, 267(3/4): 502-509.

[65] Jiang W, Cheng X W, Xiong Z P, et al. Static recrystallization of transparent polycrystalline yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG)[J]. Scripta Materialia, 2019, 173: 37-40.

[66] Hou E G. The Study of Czochralski Method Growth and Properties of Nd3+:YAG Crystal[D]. Beijing: China University of Geosciences, 2007.

[67] Zhang X J, Li C, Ji Y, et al. Growth and crack of Yb:yag laser crystal[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2010, 38(4): 741-744.

[68] Liu J H, Qiao M Y. Theoretical analysis of the cracking of crystal grown by czochralski method[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 1984, 13(4): 281-287.

[69] Min N B. Physical Basis of Crystal Growth[M]. Nanjing: Nanjing University Press, 2019: 344-354.

[70] Xu T H, Peng W Q, Zhou J M, et al. Dislocation-free, non-scattering particles and coreless YAG:Nd single crzstal growth by HF heating CZ method[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 1985, 14(Sup 1): 30.

[71] Yang P Z, Deng P Z, Xu J, et al. Growth of high-quality single crystal of 30 at% Yb:YAG and its laser performance[J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2000, 216(1/2/3/4): 348-351.

[73] Qiu H W, Mao Y L, Dong J, et al. Progress of the research on Yb:YAG[J]. Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2002, 19(1): 1-6.

[74] Laser Crystals Research Group, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics. Studies on dislocations in neodymium-doped aluminium-yttrium garnet (Nd-YAG)[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 1976, 25(4): 284-291.

[75] Min N B, Yang Y S. The growth of facets and vicinal interfaces on czochralski-grown YAG single crystals[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 1979, 28(3): 285-296.

[76] Chen Y F, Lim P K, Lim S J, et al. Raman scattering investigation of Yb:YAG crystals grown by the Czochralski method[J]. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 2003, 34(11): 882-885.

[77] Arsenev P A, Baranov B A, Klinchikov S A. Studies of dislocations in single crystals of alumo-yttrium garnet (YAG)[J]. Kristall Und Technik, 1974, 9(3): 257-264.

[81] Yin Y J, Ma M, Hu Y F. Improvements in optical homogeneity of Nd:YAG crystals by MF heating CZ growth[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 1987, 16(1): 59-62.

[82] Sang Y H. Investigation of Composition and Morphology of YAG Nano-powders and Its Antisite Defects[D]. Jinan: Shandong University, 2012.

[83] Feng X Q. Defects in laser ceramics[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2006, 43(11): 20-27.

[84] Yao L H. Growth and Physical Peoperties of Large Size and High Quality Nd: YAG Layer Crystal[D]. Changchun: Changchun University of Science and Technology, 2008.

[85] Liu X Y, Liu W, Zeng F M, et al. Growth and crack analysis of Yb:YAG laser crystal[J]. Journal of Changchun Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, 2005, 28(4): 113-115.

[86] Ge C Z, Xu X Y, Feng D. Dislocations and inclusions in czochralski method-grown YAG single crystals[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 1982, 31(3): 415-418.

[87] Yu G J. Study on Crystal Growth and Defects of Sapphire Grown by the Kyropoulos Method[D]. Jinan: Shandong University, 2014.

[88] Gu G R. Stuidieson Growth and Luminescence Properties of a Novel Ce:YAG Fluorescent Crystal for White LED[D]. Wenzhou: Wenzhou University, 2016.

[89] Hua S M. Study on Crystal Growth, Defects, Spectrum and Laser Properties of Yb3+-doped in YAG Crystal[D]. Changchun: Changchun University of Science and Technology, 2005.

[90] Kajan J, Volkov M, Damazyan G, et al. Fabrication and characterization of high-dimension single-crystal Yb:YAG ingots grown by horizontal directed crystallization method[J]. Crystal Research and Technology, 2020, 55(12): 2000105.

[91] Zhou Y Z. Growth of high quality large Nd:YAG crystals by Temperature Gradient Technique (TGT)[J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 1986, 78(1): 31-35.

[92] Deng P Z, Qiao J W, Hu B, et al. Growth, perfection and laser performances of Nd:YAG crystals grown by temperature gradient technique (TGT)[C]. Proceedings of SPIE, 1989, 1033: 42-47.

[93] Deng P Z, Qiao J W, Hu B, et al. Perfection and laser performances of Nd:YAG crystals grown by temperature gradient technique (TGT)[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 1988, 15(9): 522-527.

[94] Jiang B X, Xu J, Li H J, et al. Core center distribution of Nd:YAG crystal grown by temperature gradient technique[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2007, 56(2): 1014-1019.