The tomb of the Pingyuan Princess is located in Fuxin County, Fuxin City, Liaoning Province. As an aristocratic tomb of the Liao dynasty, its murals are rich in content, which is of great value to the study of politics, economy, social culture and funeral customs of The Khitan nationality in the Liao Dynasty, as well as the development of the tomb murals in Liao Dynasty. There are abundant research materials on the shape, theme, artistic value and other aspects of the Liao dynasty murals, and a clear review of their development. However, there are few reports on analysing the materials and techniques of the Liao dynasty tomb murals and the scientific and technological exchanges between the Khidan people and the Central Plains. Due to the need for an exhibition in 2020, it is urgent to carry out conservation and restoration. A super depth of field microscopy, SEM-EDS, laser Raman spectroscopy, XRD, Py-GC/MS were employed to research the pigment, the base layer and the cementation from the mural of The Princess of Pingyuan. The analysis results show that the pigments used in the tomb murals of Princess Pingyuan are all mineral pigments, among which the red pigments are lead, black pigments are carbon black, yellow pigments are iron yellow, and animal glue is used as pigment cementing material. Calcite is the main component of the limestone lithophore, quartz, plagioclase, and albite are the main components of the grass-mud ground layer. In terms of production technology, the Khitan people not only learned from and absorbed the culture of the Han people but also fully learned the advanced science, technology and technology of the Central Plains and practiced in the production of the murals of the Liao Tomb. The research on the material and technological characteristics of the tomb murals of the pingyuan Princess can provide a reference for the later protection and restoration work and enrich the material materials of the tomb murals of Liao and Song dynasties, which have a certain academic significance.