In order to broaden the industrial application range of laser shock peening (LSP), a system with 10 MW laser pulses delivered by a standard 1000 μm multi mode optical fiber is developed. The system is composed by three units, laser coupling unit, laser delivery unit and laser collimation unit. First of all, N-ON-1 method is selected to measure optical fiber damage threshold and laser pulse energy is determined accordingly. Then, fiber-coupled LSP is carried out on 6061-T6 aluminum alloy sheet metal, and two spot layout schemes are studied to obtain the optimum residual stress. Residual stress is measured by X-ray diffraction method. The largest residual stress induced by LSP on the surface of sample is -160.55 MPa. This system can provide some strong theoretical basis for the flexible manufacture of laser shock technology.