• Photonics Research
  • Vol. 12, Issue 7, 1583 (2024)
Lei Hou1,2,*, Junnan Wang2, Qihui He1, Suguo Chen1..., Lei Yang2, Sunchao Huang3,4 and Wei Shi1,5|Show fewer author(s)
Author Affiliations
  • 1Department of Physics, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
  • 2School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
  • 3School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 610101, Singapore
  • 4e-mail: sh676@uowmail.edu.au
  • 5e-mail: swshi@mail.xaut.edu.cn
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    DOI: 10.1364/PRJ.525994 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Lei Hou, Junnan Wang, Qihui He, Suguo Chen, Lei Yang, Sunchao Huang, Wei Shi, "Utilizing quantum coherence in Cs Rydberg atoms for high-sensitivity room-temperature terahertz detection: a theoretical exploration," Photonics Res. 12, 1583 (2024) Copy Citation Text show less

    Abstract

    In recent years, terahertz (THz) technology has made significant progress in numerous applications; however, the highly sensitive, room-temperature THz detectors are still rare, which is one of the bottlenecks in THz research. In this paper, we proposed a room-temperature electrometry method for THz detection by laser spectroscopy of cesium (Cs133) Rydberg atoms, and conducted a comprehensive investigation of the five-level system involving electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA), and Autler–Townes (AT) splitting in Cs133 cascades. By solving the Lindblad master equation, we found that the influence of the THz electric field, probe laser, dressing laser, and Rydberg laser on the ground state atomic population as well as the coherence between the ground state and the Rydberg state, plays a crucial role in the transformation and amplitude of the EIT and EIA signals. Temperature and the atomic vapor cell’s dimensions affect the number of Cs133 atoms involved in the detection, and ultimately determine the sensitivity. We predicted the proposed quantum coherence THz detection method has a remarkable sensitivity of as low as 10-9 V m-1 Hz-1/2. This research offers a valuable theoretical basis for implementing and optimizing quantum coherence effects based on Rydberg atoms for THz wave detection with high sensitivity and room-temperature operation.
    P=P0exp(2πLIm[χ]λp)=P0exp(αL),

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    χ=2nμp2ε0Ωpρ21,

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    n=pkBT,

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    p=109.171(3830/T)(solid),p=109.717(3999/T)(liquid).

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    ρ˙=i[H,ρ]+L(ρ),

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    H=2[0Ωp000Ωp2ΔpΩd000Ωd2(Δd+Δp)ΩR000ΩR2(ΔR+Δd+Δp)ΩTHz000ΩTHz2(ΔTHz+ΔR+Δd+Δp)],

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    L(ρ)=(γ2ρ22+γ4ρ4412γ2ρ1212γ3ρ1312γ4ρ1412γ5ρ1512γ2ρ21γ2ρ22+γ3ρ33+γ5ρ5512(γ2+γ3)ρ2312(γ2+γ4)ρ2412(γ2+γ5)ρ2512γ3ρ3112(γ2+γ3)ρ32γ3ρ3312(γ3+γ4)ρ3412(γ3+γ5)ρ3512γ4ρ4112(γ2+γ4)ρ4212(γ3+γ4)ρ43γ4ρ4412(γ4+γ5)ρ4512γ5ρ5112(γ2+γ5)ρ5212(γ3+γ5)ρ5312(γ4+γ5)ρ54γ5ρ55),

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    ρ=(ρ11ρ12ρ13ρ14ρ15ρ21ρ22ρ23ρ24ρ25ρ31ρ32ρ33ρ34ρ35ρ41ρ42ρ43ρ44ρ45ρ51ρ52ρ53ρ54ρ55).

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    Δf=ΩTHz2π,R2=0.99834,

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    AEIT=AmaxAmin,AEIA=AminAmax,

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    S=24μTHzNτt,

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    N=nAL,

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    Lei Hou, Junnan Wang, Qihui He, Suguo Chen, Lei Yang, Sunchao Huang, Wei Shi, "Utilizing quantum coherence in Cs Rydberg atoms for high-sensitivity room-temperature terahertz detection: a theoretical exploration," Photonics Res. 12, 1583 (2024)
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