The spatial structure of 3D objects is inherently complex, and making an accurate description of the light wave field using specific functions is challenging. Hence, achieving 3D display is very difficult. In this paper, a 3D display technology is proposed by integrating the silicon-based micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) 2D scanning platform with the metasurface element. By leveraging the persistence of vision, an on-chip scanning structure was created to realize 3D display. As a result, the object image information was theoretically reconfigured to 3D display. Further, the chromatography method was used to construct 3D display, and the phase value of the single layer 2D image element was obtained using the Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) algorithm. Then, 2D metasurface structures were established based on the geometric phase principle, and the corresponding 2D holographic plane images were achieved based on the principle of Fraunhofer diffraction. Finally, a 3D display was built through those above discrete metasurface holograms according to space and time series. The results show that the peak signal-to-noise ratio of 2D holograms is greater than 20 dB. Moreover, the proposed on-chip 2D scanning platform can assemble nine pieces of 2D holograms within 0.1 s, thereby enabling a reconfigured 3D display that can achieve a frame rate of 11 frame/s. Thus, this research findings provide a miniaturized system-level settlement and theoretical model for fast-modulating 3D display.